Ọrụ utoojoo & Ngwa pụrụ iche

Ọrụ utoojoo pụtarana pipeline ịzụ ahịa abụghị nanị "H₂S dị." Ọ pụtara ngwakọta nkeH₂ Nrụgide akụkụ, okpomọkụ, pH, na chloridesnwere ike ibuba hydrogen n'ime ígwè na ịkpaliteSSC/HIC, ya mere, ụzọ ihe onwunwe na iwu nnabata ga-agbasorịrị{0}}ụkpụrụ ọrụ karịa omume ọkpọkọ izugbe.

Ọmụmaatụ:Akuko mmiri na-egosi1,000 ppm H₂Snwere ike ile anya "oke," mana na100 mmanyamkpokọta nrụgide ọ tụgharịrị na ya~ 0.1 mmanya pH₂S, nke siri ike nke ukwuu maka ọtụtụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ iji mesie ihe ndị a chọrọ na njikwa ike na ntozu utoojoo. N'ụzọ dị iche, otu 1,000 ppm na10 mmanyabụ naanị~0.01 mmanya pH₂S, na-ebutekarị mkpebi ịzụ ahịa dị nnọọ iche.
Ya mere a na-ebutekarị nhọrọ ọrụ utoojoo site na ndịmmiri ọgwụ akụkọna ụkpụrụ ọchịchị (na-emekarịNACE MR0175 / ISO 15156){{0}na ihe kpatara Octal Pipe na-ajụkarị maka envelopu ọrụ (ppH₂S / pH / okpomọkụ) tupu ị kwado ngwungwu ihe ọkụkụ gbara ụka{1}.

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas, petrochemical, offshore, na elu{0}}nrụgide/dị elu-okpomọkụ (HPHT), ngwa ọrụ utoojoo na-achọ ihe siri ike na ọkwa igwe, nhazi kemịkalụ, ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, ogo ịgbado ọkụ, mkpuchi, na nnabata akụkụ. Enweghị njikwa kwesịrị ekwesị, gburugburu ebe utoojoo nwere ike imetụta ịdị n'ezi nke pipeline, nchekwa na ndụ ọrụ.

Ọkụ Octal na-enye ọrụ utoojoo yana ọkpọkọ ahịrị ngwa pụrụ iche nke na-agbaso ụkpụrụ na asambodo ndị isi ụwa.

Ọrụ utoojoo H₂S ppmbụ ihe ngosi ịta ahụhụ, manaọ naghị akọwa oke utoojoo n'onwe ya. Ọ bụ ya na-ebute ntozu ihe kacha utoojoo{1}Nrụgide akụkụ H₂S (ppH₂S)n'ihi na cracking ize ndụ na-achịkwaike ịkwọ ụgbọala maka ntinye hydrogen, nke na-abawanye na nrụgide akụkụ. Na usoro injinia, ppH₂S ga-enyocha ọnụ yanapH, chlorides, okpomọkụ, na oge mmiri dị, n'ihi na ihe ndị a na-emetụta ike SSC/HIC.

Ntugharị bara uru maka nyocha gas{0} bụ:

ppH₂S=(ụmụ irighiri mole H₂S) × (mkpokọta nrụgide zuru oke)

• Maka mmepụta gas,mole ≈ ppm / 1,000,000(ppmv ndabere).
• Jirioke nrụgide(ọ bụghị nlele).
• Unit ndetu:1 mmanya=100 kPa; 1 psi ≈ 6.895 kPa.

Ihe atụ emere (otu ppm, ịdị arọ dị iche iche):

• 1,000 ppm=0.001. Na100 mmanyangụkọta nrụgide: ppH₂S=0.001 × 100 =0.1 mmanya.
• Otu ihe1,000 ppmna10 mmanyangụkọta nrụgide: ppH₂S=0.001 × 10 =0.01 mmanya.
• N'agbanyeghị na ppm bụ otu, ikpe nke abụọ nwere10 × ala pH₂S, nke na-edugakarị na ihe dị iche iche chọrọ ihe / nyocha na nkọwapụta ọrụ.

Kedu ihe kpatara nke a ji dị mkpa maka ịzụrụ ọkpọkọ:

Ka ppH₂S na-abawanye, oru ngo na-emechi njikwa ihe ndị na-ebute nsonaazụ SSC/HIC - na-abụkarịoke ike (karịsịa weld / HAZ), ịdị ọcha nchara / njikwa nsonye, ​​yana ntozu/ule ule achọrọ (HIC/SSC mgbe akọwapụtara). Nke a bụ ya mere usoro ịzụrụ ihe nke na-ekwu naanị "H₂S=X ppm" anaghị ezukarị iji mechaa ngwungwu ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ{2}. Na omume, H₂S (ppmv ma ọ bụ mol%),ngụkọta arụ ọrụ nrụgide, okpomọkụ,pH, chlorides, na ma usoro mmiri efu dị. Na ndị a, ppH₂S nwere ike guzobe na ihe onwunwe ụzọ (na achọrọ akwụkwọ / ule) nwere ike ịtọ mgbe niile. Octal Pipe na-ajụkarị maka envelopu ọrụ (ppH₂S, pH, okpomọkụ, chlorides, na mmiri mmiri) na mbụ, wee kwekọọ ụzọ ihe na akwụkwọ ikike na ụkpụrụ nchịkwa ka oru ngo ahụ nwee ike ikpochapụ teknuzu n'oge na-adịghị).

Utoojoo ihe onwunwe chọrọedobere iji gbochie ọdịda SSC/HIC, yabụ iwu kwesịrị ịkọwa ọkpọkọ dịka autoojoo ọrụ ọkpọkọ ihe ngwugwu{{0}Ọ bụghị naanị OD/WT na ọkwa. Na omume, iwu ịzụrụ kwesịrị ikwu nke ọma:

• Ọkọlọtọ utoojoo na-achị:NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 (na akụkụ nke metụtara), yana nkọwapụta onye ọrụ / ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla.
• envelopu ọrụ (ndabere nke nhọrọ):pH₂S (ma ọ bụ H₂S mejupụtara + ngụkọta nrụgide), pH, okpomọkụ, chlorides, na ma mmiri efu dị.
• Oke njikwa ihe:njikwa kemịkalụ (gụnyere ịdị ọcha / ntinye), ụzọ nchara nchara dị ka achọrọ site na nkọwapụta, ụzọ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, na ntọala njikwa ike siri ike.
• Nnwale utoojoo (mgbe ọ chọrọ site na nkọwa):Ntozu HIC / SSC, oge nlele, na njirisi nnabata.
• PSL / ihe mgbakwunye chọrọ:eg, API 5L PSL2 nwere utoojoo{4}} ihe mgbakwunye ọrụ chọrọ ebe ọdabara.
• Weld/HAZ njikwa (ọ bụrụ na anabata ọkpọkọ welded):Weld seam NDT akporo na ike siri ike / iru eru nke ITP oru ngo kwuru.

Otu Octal Pipe si akwado ịzụ ahịa ọrụ{{0}Ọkụ Octal na-amalitekarị site naenvelopu ọrụwee wuo nyocha - ngwungwu akwadoro gburugburu ya - na-egosi na ọ̀ na-anakwere ma ọ bụrụ na a na-anakwere ma ọ bụ na nkwalite (njikwa ike ike siri ike, nnwale iru eru siri ike, CRA/clad/lining) maka nkwado. Maka ntinye akwụkwọ EPC, anyị nwere ike ịnye aọtụtụ -map traceability dabere(okpomọkụ / eriri igwe → akara ọkpọkọ → ihe ndekọ ule), ma mezie nhazi akwụkwọ (MTC + nyocha / akụkọ nyocha) na ọrụ ITP ka nyocha teknụzụ nke onye ahịa na ntọhapụ ihe anaghị egbu oge site na njikọ efu.

Mpaghara Ọrụ Utoojoo 3 (Osiri ike)

Ụfọdụ eserese ndị ọrụ na-ekewa oke utoojoo n'ime mpaghara;Mpaghara 3a na-ejikarị nọchite anyaọrụ utoojoo siri ikena pH vs pH₂S eserese. Na mpaghara 3, ndị na-azụ ahịa na-emechi ụzọ ihe onwunwe na oke iru eru (njikwa ike + nnwale utoojoo + akwụkwọ siri ike) n'ihi na oke SSC pere mpe.

Ụtọ{0}}Nhọrọ ọkpọkọ ọrụ na-ebutekarị site na aenvelopu na-arụ ọrụ atụ-ppH₂S, pH, chlorides, okpomọkụ, na oge mmiri{1}kama akara akara ọrụ. Ihe ndapụta dị n'okpuru na-akọwa nke ahụọnọdụ ubi n'ezienke na-ebute ihe ize ndụ SSC/HIC na ihe ịzụrụ ihe.

• Gas nrụgide {{0} dị elu nwere ppm agafeghị oke” H₂S (ppH₂S-siri ike):

Otu H₂S ppm nwere ike ịka njọ mgbe oke nrụgide dị elu, na-ebugharị pH₂S n'ime mpaghara ebe oke SSC na-adalata. Arụmọrụ na-agbasikarị ikenjikwa ike ikema chọọ ihe akaebe ntozu utoojoo karịa ịdabere na aha klaasị naanị.

• Mmiri mmiri mmiri / multiphase eruba na mmiri efu + chlorides:

Mgbe usoro mmiri dị (nchịkọta, mmiri emepụtara, ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ iwe), chlorides na obere pH na-abawanye ntinye hydrogen na ọrụ corrosion. Nzụta na-akọwakarịNjikwa/nnwale HIC (mgbe achọrọ)na ihe doro anya ihe achọrọ ịdị ọcha.

• Gburugburu pH dị ala{{0} sitere na mmiri CO₂ + (carbonic acid), yana H₂S dị:

CO₂ agbazere n'ime mmiri ụdị carbonic acid na accelerates corrosion; Ọbụna obere H₂ nwere ike gbanwee ọnọdụ ọdịda ahụ gaa na SSC/HIC. Ndị na-azụ ahịa na-agbakwụnyekarịtighter nnabata na utoojoo iguzogidegbakwunyere ikike ikike corrosion / mkpuchi / mkpuchi mkpuchi jikọtara na mkpesa mmiri.

• Ịnya igwe okpomọkụ na mmechi/mmalite transients:

Ọtụtụ "ọdịda" na-ebute site na ndị na-agafe agafe na-arụ ọrụ: mgbanwe okpomọkụ, rampụ nrụgide, na oge wet/ ihicha. Nkọwa na-esikarị ikeweld / HAZ njikwa, n'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ isi ike na ihe mgbakasị ahụ mpaghara na-akawanye njọ n'okpuru ịgba ígwè.

• Mkpughe nke dị n'ikpere mmiri/n'ikpere mmiri na-eji nnu nnu + ịgba ígwè kpọrọ nkụ (tinyere mgbasa ozi utoojoo):

Mpụga gburugburu na-agbakwụnye nrụgide corrosion (nnu, iru mmiri, mpaghara splash) n'elu ihe egwu dị n'ime. Ịzụ ahịa na-ejikọtakarị ihe ntozu utoojoo nausoro mkpuchi + nnabata nlele(usoro ezumike, usoro nrụzi).

• Mmiri usoro acidic nwere mmetọ (H₂S, NH₃, CO₂, chlorides):

Ahịrị nchacha/kemịkalụ nwere ike ịhụ mmetọ agwakọtara yana ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala mebiri emebi, nke na-atụgharị mkpebi ahụ site na "ọkpụkpọ ahịrị ọkọlọtọ" gaa na "ọrụ{0}} ruru eru envelopu." Ihe achọrọ na-abụkarị akwụkwọ{2}} dị arọ:Oke ntozu doro anya, ntọala siri ike na maapụ traceability.

Ihe ndekọ Octal Pipe:N'ajụjụ ọrụ siri ike{{0}, Octal Pipe na-amalitekarị site n'ịkwado envelopu ọrụ (ppH₂S/pH/temperature/chlorides/water phase) wee mezie ụzọ ihe, oke nnwale (mgbe akọwapụtara ya), yana ngwungwu akwụkwọ n'ụkpụrụ nchịkwa ka e wee nyochaa nhọrọ a{1}dị njikere-

Nzụta ọrụ utoojoo{0}} na-emebikarị n'otu ebe abụọ:oru nyochaa(akara ngosi edoghị anya) nantọhapụ saịtị(ihe akaebe anaghị egosi na ọkpọkọ). Octal Pipe na-ewere ọrụ utoojoo dị ka ihe a na-achịkwa, nyocha{1}} ngwungwu emebere site naenvelopu ọrụ-ppH₂S, pH, okpomọkụ, chlorides, na usoro mmiri{1} ya mere ụzọ ihe, oke nnwale na akwụkwọ na-adakọrịrị tupu mmepụta amalite.

Ezigbo ọmụmaatụ{0} ụwa ebe usoro a na-echekwa oge na rụgharịa ọrụ:

• Ọmụmaatụ 1 - "ppm na-adị oke oke," nrụgide na-eme ka ọ sie ike:

Akụkọ gbasara mmiri nwere ike ịpụtaH₂S=1,000 ppm, nke nwere ike ịpụta na enwere ike ijikwa ya na nlele mbụ. Ma ọ bụrụ na akara na-arụ ọrụ na elu nrụgide, naNrụgide akụkụ H₂S (ppH₂S)nwere ike ibuga ọrụ ahụ n'ime usoro utoojoo na-achọsi ike karị. N'ọnọdụ ndị a, ndị nwe ụlọ na-ejikarị ihe ndị a chọrọnjikwa ike ikeyana ndabere ntozu n'okpuru MR0175/ISO 15156 (ma ọ bụ nkọwa onye ọrụ). Octal Pipe tụgharịrị n'oge a wee tụgharịa akụkọ kemistri ka ọ bụrụ oke nzụta nke nwere ike ịgafe ntụle{3} kama ikwe ka mkparịta ụka ahụ pụta n'oge dị ka "ụkpụrụ utoojoo a na-atụghị anya ya."

• Ọmụmaatụ 2 - gas/mmiri emepụtara + chlorides na-agbanwe ọnọdụ ọdịda:

Mgbe mmiri efu dị na chlorides dị elu, ihe ize ndụ na-esi na "corrosion izugbe" gaaMmetụta uche SSC/HIC, na oru ngo nwere ike ịchọNnwale HIC/SSC(ma ọ bụ njirisi nnabata a kapịrị ọnụ) kama nkwupụta nrube isi. Octal Pipe na-ahazi ihe na atụmatụ nnwale na ITP n'ihu ka e nwee ike wepụta nza ahụ na ihe akaebe edere karia ikpe -site na-nkọwa okwu.

Ihe Octal Pipe na-enye maka ọrụ utoojoo{0} (nke a na-anụ, ọ bụghị ọnụọgụ):

• Ọrụ -envelopu{1}}nhọrọ ihe achụpụrụ:Carbon ígwè utoojoo ahịrị ọkpọkọ mgbe a na-anabata ya, yana njikwa achọrọ; na mgbe envelopu chọrọ ya, Octal Pipe nwere ike ịtụpụta nkwalite dịkanjikwa ike ike siri ike, ogo ntozu siri ike, ma ọ bụ nhọrọ CRA/clad/liningiji kpochapụ onye nwe/EPC nyochaa.
• Ikike na akaebe nyocha dabara na PO/ITP:Nnwale HIC/SSC mgbe akọwapụtara ya, UT/NDT n'ụdị ọrụ a, yana omume ịgbado ọkụ/HAZ na-achịkwa ebe ọdabara-sour{1} nnabata ọrụ bụ ndekọ na-akwado.
• Nchọpụta nke na-adịgide ndụ n'eziokwu saịtị:Ọtụtụ{0}maapụ dabere na njikọokpomọkụ / eriri igwe → akara ọkpọkọ → ndekọ ule → MTC, na-ebelata ihe mgbu na-adịkarị{{0}ọrụ:" ọkpọkọ ewepụtara mana ewepụtaghị ya" n'ihi njikọ na-efu efu na akwụkwọ.

Kpọtụrụ ugbu a

FAQ

 

 

Ajụjụ: Gịnị bụ utoojoo ọrụ pụtara na mmanụ & gas pipelines?

A:Ọrụ utoojoo pụtara gburugburu ebe arụ ọrụ (ppH₂S, pH, okpomọkụ, chlorides, na mmiri mmiri) nwere ike bute hydrogen{0}} mmebi metụtara dị kaSSC/HIC, yabụ ihe na nnabata ga-agbasorịrịMR0175 / ISO 15156chọrọ.

Ajụjụ: Ọrụ utoojoo H2S ppm - ezuola iji kpebie ịdịruru ya?

A:Mba. A na-enyochakarị ịdị njọ site naNrụgide akụkụ H₂S (ppH₂S), ọ bụghị naanị ppm; ihuenyo bara uru bụppH₂S=(ụmụ irighiri mole H₂S) × (mkpokọta nrụgide).

Q: Gịnị bụ utoojoo ihe onwunwe chọrọ maka utoojoo ọrụ ọkpọkọ ihe?

A:Ọrụ PO siri ike- kwesịrị ikwupụta ụkpụrụ ọchịchị (MR0175/ISO 15156),envelopu ọrụ(ppH₂S/pH/T/chlorides/water), yana njikwa achọrọ dị kaike ike ókènaNnwale HIC/SSCmgbe akọwapụtara ya.

Ajụjụ: Gịnị bụ utoojoo ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ chọrọ?

A:Ihe ịgbado ọkụ ọrụ utoojoo chọrọ na-elekwasị anya na njikwaweld / HAZ ike(na-abụkarị site na njikwa WPS/PQR dị ka ntinye ọkụ na obere omume hydrogen) yana ime nkwenye siri ike mgbe ọrụ ITP/spec chọrọ iji belata ihe egwu SSC.

Asambodo

 

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Asambodo API Q1

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Ihe nchịkọta dị ọkụ: Ọrụ utoojoo & ngwa pụrụ iche, China utoojoo ọrụ & ngwa pụrụ iche na-emepụta, ndị na-ebu, ụlọ ọrụ